No results: there are no plant species that meet a strict definition of “Endemic Plants of Lebanon” (i.e., species found only within Lebanon’s political borders).
Define endemic here. Endemic means a species occurs nowhere else on Earth except inside Lebanon. Apply that strict rule and check standard sources (Flora of Lebanon, GBIF, IUCN, national checklists) and you find none that are truly confined only to Lebanon. Lebanon is small and shares the same mountain ranges, soils, and climate with Syria, Israel and Turkey. Many plants that people call “Lebanese” are native to the Lebanon range but also grow across the border. Taxonomy also changes over time. Plants once named as unique to Lebanon are often later merged with wider-ranging species or treated as subspecies or varieties. That means a strict, country-only list comes up empty.
Understand the practical reasons behind this gap. Political borders are not the same as plant ranges. The Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon mountains cross national lines, so narrow-range species usually span more than one country. Botanists often recognize endemism at the regional level (the Levant, eastern Mediterranean or Lebanon Mountains) rather than by modern borders. Also, some candidates survive only as described subspecies or localized varieties, not full species — these are important for conservation but do not meet the strict species-level “endemic to Lebanon” test. Finally, historical collecting, taxonomic revisions, and incomplete surveys can remove or relocate names that once appeared to be Lebanon-only.
Look instead at close alternatives and useful lists. Search for “near-endemics of the Levant” or “plants native to the Lebanon Mountains.” Well-known native examples include the Lebanon cedar (Cedrus libani) — iconic and native to the Lebanon range but not limited to Lebanon. Focus on endemic categories that do exist: endemic plants of the Levant or eastern Mediterranean, species restricted to the Lebanon–Anti-Lebanon range (near-endemics), endemic subspecies/varieties, and national red-list species. If you want a practical next step, explore regional endemics, native species lists, and IUCN/national conservation assessments for the Lebanon flora.
